IA-32 Floating Point Unit

Introduction:

The Floating-Point Unit (FPU) provides high-performance floating-point processing capabilities for use in graphics processing, scientific, engineering, and business applications.

The FPU represents a separate execution environment within the IA-32 architecture. This execution environment consists of 8 data registers and following special purpose registers.

• The status register
• The counter register
• The tag word register

Mechanism:

The FPU data register consists of eight 80-bits registers. Values are stored in these register in the double extended-precision floating point format. When floating-point, integer, or packed BCD integer values are loaded from memory into any of the FPU data registers, the values are automatically converted into the double extended-precision floating-point format (if they are not already in that format). When computation results are subsequently transferred back into memory from any of the FPU registers, the results can be left in the double extended-precision floating-point format or converted back into a shorter floating-point format, an integer format, or the packed BCD integer format.

The FPU instructions treat the eight FPU data register as a register stack.All addressing of the data registers is relative to the register on the top of the stack.

The register number of the current top-of-stack register is stored in the TOP (stack TOP) field in the FPU status word. Load operations decrement TOP by one and load a value into the new top-of-stack register, and store operations store the value from the current TOP register in memory and then increment TOP by one. (For the FPU, a load operation is equivalent to a push and a store operation is equivalent to a pop.) Note that load and store operations are also available that do not push and pop the stack.

PESTEL Analysis of Coca-Cola

PESTEL analysis of Coca-Cola is my assignment in my course mg-223(fundamental of management). After reading this blog you will be able to understand how multi-national companies grow and extend their business to different countries. In this blog, I am talking about the PESTEL analysis of Coca-Cola company.

The non-alcoholic beverages brand Coca-Cola operates in the global environment. The global environment subjects a corporation to several pressures. Today, the world market has grown highly globalized. Companies are doing business across large regions spanning several countries. In this highly globalized market, certain factors are of special significance that affects the businesses. Culture, politics, economic situation and even laws are some factors that affect businesses directly and indirectly. Coca-Cola also feels the pinch from time to time. Any change in the global business environment can impact its profits and revenues directly.

Coca-Cola despite being the leading brand in the beverages industry, is not immune to the various political, social or economic fluctuations. Political or economic changes can negatively impact its profits. There are laws and regulations which vary from country to country and affect it directly. Simultaneously, Cultural factors are of significance. The business of Coca-Cola is spread over more than 200 countries. Social and cultural factors acquire a special importance in that case. A PEST analysis of Coca-Cola will determine all these factors which can impact its business in the global environment.

Political:

The most important political factors which can have a direct impact on Coca-Cola are laws and government regulation of food products. For example in the US, the Food and Drug regulations apply to its business. Apart from it, these laws may vary from country to country. Coca-Cola and its products must conform to the relevant laws in the countries they are sold. (Coca-Cola is a maker of non-alcoholic beverages) However, apart from the food and beverages related regulations and the quality standards, the business is also subject to the common accounting or business regulations. Tax laws vary from country to country. The company has to follow the relevant laws in order to do business in a particular market. Changes to these laws can potentially impact Coca Cola’s profits and revenue. Any increase or decrease in tax rates can affect the profits of any corporation. Similarly, changes in the political situation of the countries like government changes or any political turmoil can potentially impact its business.

Chef Introduction

In this blog, I will tell you about chef, component of chef needed for working and detail of chef working environment. In next blog, I will show you installation of chef and working of chef.

Intro

Chef is an automation tool that provides a way to define infrastructure as code. Infrastructure as code simply means that managing infrastructure by writing code rather than using manual processes. Configuration management is all about trying to ensure that the files and software you are expecting to be on a machine are present, configured correctly, and working as intended.
When you have only a single machine this is fairly simple. When you have five or ten servers, it is still possible to do this manually, but it may take all day. However, when your infrastructure scales up into the thousands we need a better way of doing things.
Chef uses a pure-Ruby, domain-specific language (DSL) for writing system configurations.
Below are the types of automation done by Chef, irrespective of the size of infrastructure:

• Infrastructure configuration
• Application deployment
• Configurations are managed across your network

Organizational Structure of BOP

In this blog, I am talking about my group presentation in the course Fundamental Of Management(mg-223).

Objective:

We have to make groups and every group consist five members and We are required to take an organizational structure of any organization by taking hand to hand information or collect information from internet about your selected organization and make a good effort and present in a class.

Working:

Our group have selected organizational structure of BOP(Bank Of Punjab).We have arrange meeting with manager of BOP of (Hayatabad phase-1) branch and grap information about their organization and make notes of that.And then we have divided Presentation in five parts and every group member select their part in presentation accordingly to their choice.Ali Husnain(group-member) selected intro and Kashif Ali(group-member) selected planning part of presentation.Sarim Ali(group-member) and Hassan Shabibr cheema(group-member) selected leading and controlling part of presentation and I have selected the organizing.And now we are ready for presentation.

Presentation:

Intro:

The Bank of Punjab (BOP) head quartered in BOP tower, Main Boulevard ,  Gulberg,  Lahore is one of the prominent financial institution of the country with PACRA(Pakistan Credit Rating Agency Limited).
Bank Of Punjab To be a customer focused bank with service excellence.